杩涘叆鍗佹湀鍚庯紝2013骞?2鏈堣嫳璇洓绾у叚绾ц€冭瘯瓒婃潵瓒婅繎浜嗭紝鍚屽浠槸涓嶆槸姝ｆ懇鎷虫摝鎺岋紝鎯宠鍦ㄦ柊鐨勮捣璺戠嚎涓婂ぇ鏄捐韩鎵嬨€佷竴寰€鏃犲墠鍛紵鐜板湪锛屾勃姹熻嫳璇暀鐮斿氨鏉ュ姪浣犱滑涓€鑷備箣鍔涳紝浠嬬粛涓€浜涘崟璇嶈蹇嗙殑鏂规硶鍜屾妧宸э紝璁╀綘鐨勫洓鍏骇璇嶆眹閲忓棖鍡栧棖寰€涓婃定锛?/p>

1.鏋勮瘝璁板繂娉?/p>

鑻辫鐨勬瀯璇嶆柟娉曚富瑕佹湁涓夌锛氬悎鎴愭硶銆佹淳鐢熸硶鍜岃浆鍖栨硶锛屽叾涓渶閲嶈鐨勬槸娲剧敓娉?Derivation)锛屽嵆鐢辫瘝鏍?Root)鍔犺瘝缂€鏋勬垚鏂拌瘝銆傚彧瑕佹垜浠煡閬撹瘝鏍圭殑鎰忎箟骞朵簡瑙ｆ淳鐢熸硶涓父瑙佽瘝缂€鐨勬剰涔夊強鐢ㄦ硶锛屽氨鍙互閫氳繃杩欑鏋勮瘝娉曟瀬澶у湴鎵╁厖鎴戜滑鐨勮瘝姹囬噺銆備緥濡傦細

friend 鈫?friend-ly 鈫?friend-less 鈫?friend-ship 鈫抲n-friend-ly

鎺屾彙浜嗘瀯璇嶆硶鐨勮寰嬶紝涓嶄粎鍙互浜嗚В璇嶇殑缁撴瀯銆佸珐鍥烘墍瀛﹁瘝姹囷紝杩樿兘鍩瑰吇鐏垫椿杩愮敤璇嶈鐨勮兘鍔涘拰涓€瀹氱▼搴︾殑閫犺瘝鏈銆?/p>

2.闃呰璁板繂娉?/p>

闃呰璁板繂娉曟槸鎸囬€氳繃闃呰鑻辨枃浣滃搧璁板繂鍗曡瘝锛屽湪闃呰杩囩▼涓皢閬囧埌鐨勭敓璇嶅拰鏂囩珷鐨勬儏鑺傜粨鍚堣捣鏉ワ紝鍒╃敤鐩稿叧璇鏉ュ姞娣卞鍗曡瘝鐨勫嵃璞°€傘€婂痉浼鐨勮嫈涓濄€嬩腑鏈変竴涓潪甯哥敓鍔ㄧ殑鍙ュ瓙锛?/p>

When Abraham realized all, the furrows of fifty years were extemporized on his young face.

褰撲簹浼媺缃曟槑鐧戒簡涓€鍒囩殑鏃跺€欙紝浠栧勾杞荤殑鑴镐笂涓€涓嬪瓙澧炴坊浜嗕簲鍗佸勾鐨勭毐绾广€?/p>

鍙ヤ腑鐨別xtemporize鏈箟鏄€滃嵆鍏存紨濂忋€佸嵆甯紨璇淬€佸綋鍦哄仛鎴愨€濓紝鐢ㄥ湪杩欓噷灏卞舰璞″湴鎻忕粯鍑烘浜虹殑琛ㄦ儏鍙樺寲鍜屽唴蹇冩椿鍔ㄣ€?/p>

3.鍒嗙被璁板繂娉?/p>

鍒嗙被璁板繂娉曞氨鏄妸鍗曡瘝杩涜鍒嗛棬绫昏蹇嗐€備緥濡傚姩鐗╃被銆佽壊褰╃被銆侀ギ椋熺被绛夌瓑锛屽仛濂芥敹绾虫暣鐞嗗悗鍙互鎵归噺璁板繂锛岃Е绫绘梺閫氥€?/p>

4.閫昏緫璁板繂娉?/p>

閫昏緫璁板繂娉曟槸鎸囬€氳繃鍗曡瘝鍐呴儴鐨勯€昏緫鍏崇郴鎴栬瘝涓庤瘝涔嬮棿鐨勫閮ㄩ€昏緫鍏崇郴锛屼互璇嶆垨瀛楁瘝涓蹭负鍗曚綅锛岄噰鐢ㄦ鍚戙€侀€嗗悜鎴栦腑闂寸殑璁板繂椤哄簭杩涜璁板繂锛屽叾鏂规硶鍙垎涓猴細

(1)鎶婂嚑涓瓧姣嶇湅浣滀竴涓崟浣嶆潵璁板繂銆傚锛歛ltitude(楂樺害銆佹捣鎷?銆乤ttitude(鎬佸害)銆乬ratitude(鎰熸縺)銆乻ubstitute(鏇夸唬鑰呫€佷唬鐢ㄥ搧)锛?/p>

(2)浠ヨ瘝涓哄崟浣嶏紝瀹炵幇璇嶆眹鐨勭旱鍚戞墿灞曪紝澧炲姞璇嶆眹閲忋€備緥濡傦紝浠ngle涓鸿捣鐐癸紝鎸夌収鑻辫26涓瓧姣嶇殑椤哄簭杩涜绾靛悜鎵╁睍锛歛ngle(瑙掋€侀挬)銆乥angle(鎵嬮暞銆佽剼闀?銆乨angle(鎮寕)銆乫andangle(鑳￠椆)銆乫angle(鏂版寮忋€佹柊鍙戞槑)銆乯angle(浜夎)銆亀rangle(浜夊惖)銆乼angle(绾犵紶)銆乪ntangle(浣跨籂缂?銆乽ntangle(瑙ｅ紑)銆亀angle(鎵韩鎸ゅ嚭)銆?/p>

杩欑璁板繂娉曞彲浠ユ敼鍙樻満姊拌蹇嗗拰妯′豢璁板繂鐨勮鍔ㄥ眬闈紝鐢ㄧН鏋佷富鍔ㄧ殑璁板繂浠ｆ浛娑堟瀬鐨勩€佽鍔ㄧ殑璁板繂銆?/p>

5.鑱旀兂璁板繂娉?/p>

鑱旀兂璁板繂娉曟槸鎶婂湪璇嶅舰鍜屾剰涔変笂鏈変竴瀹氱▼搴﹀叧鑱旂殑鍗曡瘝锛岄€氳繃涓€瀹氱殑鑱旀兂锛屼汉涓哄湴鏋勫缓涓€浜涚浉鍏崇殑鑱旀兂鍗曚綅鏉ヨ蹇嗐€傝繖绉嶈蹇嗘柟寮忓彲浠ュ鍗曚釜鍗曡瘝杩涜璁板繂锛屼篃鍙互鍦ㄥ嚑涓崟璇嶄箣闂存瀯寤鸿仈鎯冲崟浣嶈繘琛岃蹇嗐€?/p>

(1)璇嶅舰鑱旀兂璁板繂娉?/p>

鍒濊瘑鑻辫杩欓棬鍏呮弧榄呭姏鐨勮瑷€鏃惰鍒颁簡zoo杩欎釜璇嶏紝褰撴椂灏嗗叾鑱旀兂涓衡€滃姩鐗╁洯閲屾湁200鍙姩鐗┾€濄€傚浠婂洖鎯宠捣鏉ョ湡鏄急鐖嗕簡锛屼絾鏄繖涓瘝瑙佷簡涓€闈箣鍚庡氨鍐嶆病蹇樻帀銆?/p>

鎹釜澶嶆潅鐐圭殑锛屽悓瀛︿滑璁よ瘑perplex杩欎釜璇嶅悧锛熷畠鐨勫惈涔夋槸鈥滀娇鍥版儜鈥濄€傝繖閲屼粙缁嶄竴涓阀璁版硶锛氬悓瀛︿滑鍙互鎶婂畠鐪嬫垚perple+x鏉ヨ蹇嗭紝绱壊搴旇鏄痯urple锛屾嫾鎴恜erple浜嗗彧鑳芥墦涓€渪鈥濅簡銆傛湁浜涘悓瀛︾矖蹇冩病鍙戠幇鑷繁閿欏湪浠€涔堝湴鏂癸紝杩樹笀浜屽拰灏氭懜涓嶇潃澶磋剳锛屽洶鎯戜笉宸诧紝浠ヤ负鑰佸笀鎵归敊浜嗭紝鎵€浠ヨ繖涓瘝灏辫〃绀衡€滀娇鍥版儜鈥濄€傝繖鏍疯鏄笉鏄湁瓒ｅ張鏈夋晥鍛紵

(2)璇婚煶鑱旀兂璁板繂娉?/p>

杩欑鏂规硶灏辨槸鏍规嵁鍗曡瘝鐨勮闊筹紝浠庢眽璇腑鎵惧嚭涓庡叾鍙戦煶鐩镐技鐨勬眽瀛楀苟缁撳悎璇ュ崟璇嶇殑璇嶄箟杩涜鑱旀兂璁板繂銆傝繖绉嶆柟娉曞瓨鍦ㄤ簤璁紝浣嗘槸杩樻槸鏈夌潃鐙壒鐨勯瓍鍔涳紝鍦ㄧ煭鏈熷啿鍒鸿蹇嗕腑鐨勬晥鏋滀篃闈炲父鏄庢樉銆傚锛?/p>

sting鈥旀鍙€旇殜铏彯鍜?/p>

impediment鈥斾竴鎷嶅氨鎳碘€旈樆纰?/p>

(3)璇嶄箟鑱旀兂璁板繂娉?/p>

鍗曡瘝supersede鍚箟鏄€滄窐姹扳€濄€傛垜浠彲浠ラ€氳繃璇婚煶鍜岃瘝褰㈡潵宸ц杩欎釜鍗曡瘝锛氳仈鎯冲埌琚侀殕骞崇殑瓒呯骇鏉備氦绋烩€斺€旇秴绾?super)绉嶅瓙(seed)锛屽畠鐨勯棶涓栭┈涓妔upersede浜嗕互鍓嶇殑鑰佸搧绉嶏紝涓轰汉鍙ｅぇ鍥借В鍐充簡绮闂銆傝繖鏍锋槸涓嶆槸椹笂灏辫浣忓暒锛?/p>

(4)杩戜箟銆佸弽涔夎仈鎯宠蹇嗘硶

鑻辫璇嶆眹鏋佷负涓板瘜锛屼互琛ㄧず鈥滀笅闄嶁€濆惈涔夌殑鍗曡瘝涓轰緥锛屽氨鏈塪rop銆乫all銆乨ecline銆乨ecrease銆乨escend銆乸lunge銆乻lump绛夛紝鑰屽畠鐨勫弽涔夎瘝鏈塺ise銆乤dvance銆乮ncrease銆乤scend鍜宨mprove绛夈€傚湪鑳屽崟璇嶇殑杩囩▼涓€荤粨涓嬪畠鏈夊摢浜涜繎涔夊弽涔夎瘝锛屽彲浠ュ珐鍥哄ぇ鎵硅瘝姹囷紝鐢ㄥ湪鍐欎綔鍜岀炕璇戜腑涔熷彲浠ュ鍔犵敤璇嶇殑澶氭牱鎬с€傝繎涔夈€佸弽涔夈€佷粠灞炵殑鑱旀兂鏄棤闄愮殑锛屽綋浣犳妸鑴戞捣涓棯杩囩殑鐏垫劅璁板綍涓嬫潵锛屼綘鐨勮蹇嗗氨琚粐鎴愪簡涓€寮犵墷涓嶅彲鐮寸殑澶х綉銆?/p>