Low expectations: Female teachers can unwittingly perpetuate boys academic achievement as well as reinforce stereotypes that they are silly, induldge in pranks and refuse to sit nicely according to the study.

Women teachers are holding backboys by reprimanding them for typically male behaviour, according to a study out today.

They are reinforcing stereotypes that boys are 鈥榮illy鈥?in class, refuse to 鈥榮it nicely like the girls鈥?and are more likely to indulge in 鈥?strong>schoolboy pranks鈥?

Women teachers may also unwittinglyperpetuatelow expectations of boys鈥?academic achievement and encourage girls to work harder by letting them think they are cleverer.

Schools should avoid dividing pupils into ability groups because the practice often results in girls dominating the higher-achieving tables, concluded the Kent University research.

The study of primary schools in the county suggests that under-performanceamong boys in most national exams could be linked to lower expectations.

The research mainly implicates women teachers, since nearly 90 per cent of primary school teachers are female. It warned that school staff find boys鈥?play, such as wieldingtoy guns, 鈥榩articularly challenging and difficult鈥?

Boys are punished and urged to conform toa more feminine style of play instead of being taught how to play responsibly with their preferred toys.

Bonny Hartley, the study鈥檚 lead author, said: 鈥楤y seven or eight years old, children of both genders believe that boys are less focused, able, and successful than girls 鈥?and think that adults endorsethis stereotype. There are signs that these expectations have the potential to become self-fulfillingin influencing children鈥檚 actual conduct and achievement.鈥?/span>

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Vocabulary:

hold back: 濡ㄧ杩涘睍

schoolboy prank: 灏忓鐢熸伓浣滃墽

unwittingly: without being aware of what you are doing or the situation that you are involved in锛堢硦閲岀硦娑傚湴锛涜尗鐒讹紱鏃犳剰鍦帮級

perpetuate: to make something such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time锛堜娇姘镐箙鍖栵紱浣挎寔涔呭寲锛涗娇鎸佺画锛?/span>

under-performance: 琛ㄧ幇杈冨樊

wield: to hold something, ready to use it as a weapon or tool 鎸ワ紝鎿嶏紝浣跨敤锛堟鍣ㄣ€佸伐鍏风瓑锛?/span>

conform to: 閬电収

endorse: to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action锛堝叕寮€锛夎禐鍚岋紝鏀寔锛岃鍙?/span>

self-fulfilling: a self-fulfilling prophecy is one that becomes true because people expect it to be true and behave in a way that will make it happen锛堥瑷€绛夛級鑷垜搴旈獙鐨勶紝鑷垜瀹炵幇鐨?/span>