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| 50-80骞翠唬鐨勬祦琛岃瘝鍎夸綘浼氱敤鑻辫璇村悧锛?/td> | |
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2012-09-29 10:38:43
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1950s 20涓栫邯50骞翠唬 study hard and move forward every day 濂藉ソ瀛︿範锛屽ぉ澶╁悜涓?/strong> Mao Zedong wrote to honor an 8-year-old boy, Chen Yongkang, who helped police catch a spy in Suzhou, in 1951. Mao asked all kids to study hard to do a better job for the country. Banners with this slogan could be seen in almost every classroom. 1951骞达紝鑻忓窞甯備竴鍚?宀佸皬瀛︾敓闄堟案搴峰府鍔╄瀵熸崏浣忎簡涓€鍚嶇壒鍔°€備簨鍚庯紝姣涙辰涓滀富甯负浠栭璇?quot;濂藉ソ瀛︿範锛屽ぉ澶╁悜涓?quot;浣滀负濂栧姳銆傛瘺涓诲腑甯屾湜姣忎釜瀛╁瓙閮借兘濂藉ソ瀛︿範锛屽皢鏉ヤ负绁栧浗璐＄尞鑷繁鐨勫姏閲忋€傚啓鐫€杩欏彞鏍囪鐨勬í骞呭嚑涔庢寕婊′簡涓浗鐨勬瘡闂存暀瀹ゃ€?/span> food coupon 绮エ This allowed people to get certain food supplies under the planned economy. Low agricultural production meant insufficient food supplies and a quota system and the coupons were a means of distribution. The quota system lasted to the early 90s. The tickets are now the stuff of collectors. 璁″垝缁忔祹浣撳埗涓嬶紝绮エ鏄汉浠喘涔版煇浜涚伯椋熺殑蹇呭鍑瘉銆傝緝浣庣殑鍐滀笟浜у嚭瀵艰嚧浜嗛鐗╀緵缁欑殑鐭己鍜屽畾棰濆垎閰嶅埗搴︼紝鑰岀伯绁ㄦ伆鎭拌В鍐充簡杩欎竴鍒嗛厤闂銆傝繖绉嶅畾棰濆垎閰嶅埗搴︿竴鐩存寔缁埌90骞翠唬鏃╂湡銆傚浠婏紝瀹冧滑宸茬粡鎴愪簡鏀惰棌鑰呬滑鐨勬寶鐖便€?/span> 1960s 20涓栫邯60骞翠唬 quotations from Chairman Mao 姣涗富甯褰? Practically everyone has heard of the Little Red Book. This collection of quotations from Mao Zedong's speeches and writings was published from 1964 until about 1976. People had to remember lines and use them to guide their thoughts. The title Little Red Book was coined by Westerners because of the red cover and pocket-book size. 鍑犱箮鎵€鏈変汉閮藉惉璇磋繃銆婄孩瀹濅功銆嬨€?964骞磋嚦1976骞达紝浜轰滑浠庢瘺娉戒笢鐨勬紨璁插拰钁椾綔涓憳閫夐儴鍒嗗唴瀹瑰埗鎴愯褰曞苟鍑虹増鍙戣銆備汉浠瑕佹眰鑳岃鍏朵腑鐨勮鍙ワ紝骞朵互姝ゆ潵鎸囧浠栦滑鐨勬€濇兂銆傝タ鏂逛汉鏍规嵁璇ヤ功绾㈣壊鐨勪功鐨拰鍙ｈ涔︾殑澶у皬灏嗗叾鍛藉悕涓?"Little Red Book"銆?/span> Red Guard 绾㈠崼鍏?/strong> Basically middle-school and college students during the "Cultural Revolution" that Chairman Mao allowed to act as revolutionaries. In primary schools, Little Red Guards replaced the Young Pioneers. The "Gang of Four" used Red Guards to challenge authority. They were a key cause of social disorder, but their reign ended in 1978. 鍦ㄦ枃鍖栧ぇ闈╁懡鏃舵湡锛屽嚑涔庢墍鏈夌殑涓鐢熷拰澶у鐢熼兘鏄潻鍛界殑"绾㈠崼鍏?quot;銆傚湪灏忓锛屽皬绾㈠崼鍏垫浛浠ｄ簡灏戝厛闃熷憳銆?quot;鍥涗汉甯?quot;鍒╃敤绾㈠崼鍏垫潵鎸戞垬鏉冨▉銆備粬浠槸瀵艰嚧绀句細鍔ㄤ贡鐨勪富瑕佸師鍥犮€?978骞达紝"鍥涗汉甯?quot;缁堜簬琚交搴曠矇纰庯紝绾㈠崼鍏典篃涓嶅瀛樺湪銆? 1970s 20涓栫邯70骞翠唬 educated youth 鐭ラ潚 From the mid-1960s to the late-1970s, about 17 million urban middle school grads answered Mao's call and flocked to the countryside. They were encouraged to pay respect to and learn from the peasants. By 1979, most educated youth were heading back to the cities but they had a hard time adapting to the changed world. 60骞翠唬涓湡鍒?0骞翠唬鏈紝绾?700涓囧煄甯備腑瀛︽瘯涓氱敓鍝嶅簲姣涗富甯殑鍙峰彫鏉ュ埌鍐滄潙銆備粬浠鍛婅瑕佸皧鏁啘姘戯紝鍚戝啘姘戝涔犮€傚埌浜?979骞达紝澶у鏁扮煡闈掕繑鍥炲煄甯傘€備絾鏄粬浠緢闅鹃€傚簲鏂扮殑绀句細銆?/span> pull string 璧板悗闂?/strong> Literally, "entering through the back door". It originated under the planned economy when people used connections to get goods from the back door of a state-owned shop. This string-pulling reached a sort of climax in the late 1970s when the "educated youth" tried everything possible to get back to the cities. "璧板悗闂?quot;鍙洿璇戜负"entering through the back door"銆傝璇嶆簮鑷鍒掔粡娴庝笅浜轰滑鍒╃敤鑷繁鐨勫叧绯讳粠鍥借惀鍟嗗簵鐨勫悗闂ㄨ幏鍙栧晢鍝佽繖涓€琛屼负銆傝繖绉嶇幇璞″湪70骞翠唬鏈煡闈掔粸灏借剳姹佽繑鍥炲煄甯傛椂杈惧埌浜嗛珮娼€?/span> laowai 鑰佸 “鑰佸”鐩磋瘧灏辨槸"old foreigner"銆?ldquo;鑰佸”杩欎竴鏂拌瘝鍑虹幇鍦?0骞翠唬鏈紝鏀归潻寮€鏀惧悗锛屽ぇ鎵瑰鍥戒汉娑屽叆涓浗銆傝捣鍒濓紝璇ヨ瘝鍚湁涓€绉嶆垙寮勭殑鍙ｆ皵銆傚浠婏紝璇ヨ瘝澶氱敤涓轰竴绉嶅弸濂界殑鏄电О銆傛瘮濡傚ぇ灞辫繖绉嶅湪涓浗灞呬綇銆佸伐浣滄垨瀛︿範鏃堕棿杈冧箙锛岀簿閫氫腑鍥芥枃鍖栫殑澶栧浗浜哄父琚О浣渁n old China hand锛堜腑鍥介€氾級銆? 1980s 20涓栫邯80骞翠唬 iron rice bowl 閾侀キ纰?/strong> A secure, lifetime job assigned by the government. Where was no fear of losing the job. By the 1980s, with the new market economy, there was a competitive model of employment. And the cherished iron rice bowl was gone after more than 30 years. “閾侀キ纰?rdquo;鎸囩敱鏀垮簻鎻愪緵鐨勬湁淇濊瘉鐨勭粓鐢熷埗宸ヤ綔銆傚洜姝わ紝杩欎簺浜烘案杩滀笉鎰佸け鍘诲伐浣溿€傜劧鑰岋紝鍒颁簡80骞翠唬锛屽湪鏂扮殑甯傚満缁忔祹浣撳埗涓嬶紝灏变笟绔炰簤鏈哄埗鍑虹幇銆傚瓨鍦ㄤ簡30澶氬勾涔嬪悗锛屽鍙椾汉浠枩鐖辩殑“閾侀キ纰?rdquo;閫€鍑轰簡鍘嗗彶鑸炲彴銆?/span> all-round good student 涓夊ソ瀛︾敓 Literally, "thrice-good", given to students who were virtuous, talented, and good at P.E.; first used in the 1950s by Mao to encourage young people to keep fit, study well, and work hard. “涓夊ソ瀛︾敓”鐩磋瘧涓?quot;thrice-good"锛屾寚鍦ㄥ痉銆佹櫤銆佷綋涓夋柟闈㈤兘寰堜紭绉€鐨勫鐢熴€傝璇嶆渶鏃╁湪50骞翠唬鐢辨瘺涓诲腑鎻愬嚭锛屾棬鍦ㄩ紦鍔卞勾杞讳汉寮鸿韩鍋ヤ綋銆佸姫鍔涘涔犮€佸嫟濂嬪伐浣溿€?/span> profiteering 鍊掔埛 For the market economy, a dual-pricing system was tried in 1979. The price of certain goods was fixed and they were distributed instead of sold. If a factory exceeded its quota, it could sell the surplus at a higher price. People close to government or factory officials got the low-priced goods and sold them at a higher price. This profiteering was outlawed in 1987. 鍦?1979骞寸殑甯傚満缁忔祹浣撳埗涓嬶紝浠锋牸鍙岃建鍒跺紑濮嬪疄琛屻€傞偅鏃讹紝鏌愪簺鐗瑰畾鍟嗗搧鐨勪环鏍兼槸鍥哄畾鐨勶紝杩欎簺鍟嗗搧涓嶅澶栧嚭鍞€屾槸閲囧彇鍒嗛厤鐨勬柟寮忋€傝嫢鐢熶骇閲忚秴鍑洪厤棰濓紝宸ュ巶鍙互楂樹环鍗栧嚭杩欎簺鍓╀綑鍟嗗搧銆傚姝や竴鏉ワ紝閭ｄ簺鏀垮簻銆佸伐鍘傞瀵肩殑"鍏崇郴鎴?quot;灏辫兘浠ヤ綆浠蜂拱杩涜繖浜涘晢鍝侊紝鐒跺悗鍐嶉珮浠峰崠鍑恒€傚埌浜?987骞达紝杩欑鍊掍拱鍊掑崠鐨勮涓烘墠琚姝€?/span> youth waiting for job 寰呬笟闈掑勾 The unemployed young people of the 1980s, after the government stopped assigning jobs to middle school grads, at State-owned enterprises or government offices. Some unemployed youth could "inherit" a post from a retired parent. Others tried small businesses. 80骞翠唬锛屾斂搴滃仠姝负涓姣曚笟鐢熸彁渚涘浗浼佸強鏀垮簻鏈哄叧鐨勫伐浣滄満浼氾紝鑷翠娇绀句細涓婂嚭鐜板ぇ鎵瑰緟涓氶潚骞淬€傚叾涓紝涓€閮ㄥ垎浜鸿兘浠庨€€浼戠埗姣嶉偅閲岀户鎵垮伐浣滐紱鍙︿竴閮ㄥ垎浜哄垯鍙兘閫夋嫨灏忓瀷浼佷笟銆?/span> |
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| Author锛? 銆€銆€銆€Source锛? 娌睙鑻辫缃? 銆€銆€銆€ Editor锛? Wu Qiong | |
