The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)

鑻卞浗鐨勮捣婧愶紙鍏厓鍓?000骞?1066骞达級

Early Settlers (5000BC-55BC)

鏃╂湡鐨勫眳姘戯紙鍏厓鍓?000骞?鍏厓鍓?5骞达級

1锛嶵he first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.

浜轰滑鎵€鐭ョ殑鑻卞浗鏈€鏃╁眳姘戞槸浼婃瘮鍒╂潵浜恒€?/span>

2锛嶢t about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now known as Holland and Rhineland.

绾﹀叕鍏冨墠2000骞达紝浠庣幇鍦ㄧ殑鑽峰叞鍜岃幈鑼靛叞鍦板尯鏉ヤ簡瀹藉彛闄跺櫒浜恒€?/span>

3锛嶵he Celts began to arrive at Britain about 700 BC.

绾﹀叕鍏冨墠700骞达紝鍑皵鐗逛汉鏉ュ埌涓嶅垪棰犲矝銆?/span>

4锛嶵he Celts came to Britain in three main waves.

鍑皵鐗逛汉鏉ュ埌涓嶅垪棰犳湁涓夋楂樻疆銆?/span>

The first wave were the Gaels-came about 600 BC.

绗竴娆￠珮娼槸绾﹀叕鍏冨墠600骞寸洊灏斾汉鐨勬潵涓淬€?/span>

The second wave were the Brythons-came about 400 BC.

绗簩娆￠珮娼槸绾﹀叕鍏冨墠400骞村竷绔嬪悶浜虹殑鎶佃揪銆?/span>

The third wave were the Belgae-came about 150 BC.

绗笁娆℃槸绾﹀叕鍏冨墠150骞存瘮鍒╁叾浜虹殑鍒拌揪銆?/span>

Roman Britain (55BC-410AD)

缃楅┈浜虹粺娌绘椂鏈熺殑鑻卞浗锛堝叕鍏冨墠55骞?410骞达級

1.British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.

鏈夎褰曠殑鑻卞浗鍘嗗彶寮€濮嬩簬缃楅┈浜虹殑鍏ヤ镜銆傚叕鍏冨墠55骞村拰54骞达紝缃楅┈灏嗗啗灏ら噷涔屾柉·鎭烘拻涓ゆ鍏ヤ镜鑻卞浗锛屽潎鏈垚鍔熴€傜洿鍒板叕鍏?3骞达紝鍏嬪姵杩箤鏂墠鎴愬姛鍗犻涓嶅垪棰犮€傚皢杩戝洓鐧惧勾閲岋紝鑻卞浗澶勪簬缃楅┈浜虹殑鍗犻涓嬶紝浣嗚繖骞堕潪鏄畬鍏ㄧ殑鍗犻銆?/span>

2. Roman's influence on Britain.

缃楅┈浜哄鑻卞浗鐨勫奖鍝?/span>

The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They make good use of Britain's natural resources. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.

缃楅┈浜轰慨寤轰簡璁稿鍩庨晣锛岄亾璺紝婢″爞锛屽簷瀹囧拰鍏朵粬寤虹瓚鐗┿€備粬浠繕寰堝ソ鍦板埄鐢ㄤ簡鑻卞浗鐨勮嚜鐒惰祫婧愩€傜綏椹汉杩樻妸鍩虹潱鏁欒繖闂ㄦ柊瀹楁暀甯﹀埌浜嗚嫳鍥姐€?/span>

3.Reasons for limited Roman influence on Britain.

缃楅┈瀵硅嫳鍥藉奖鍝嶆湁闄愮殑鍘熷洜銆?/span>

First, the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. Second, never during the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry. Third, the Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.

棣栧厛锛岀綏椹汉鎶婁笉鍒楅浜哄綋浣滃ゴ闅堕樁娈电殑灞炴皯鏉ュ寰呫€傚叾娆★紝鍦ㄥ洓涓笘绾噷缃楅┈浜轰粠涓嶅拰涓嶅垪棰犱汉閫氬銆傛渶鍚庯紝缃楅┈浜轰篃鏈奖鍝嶆櫘閫氫笉鍒楅浜虹殑璇█鍜屾枃鍖栥€?/span>

The Anglo-Saxons (446-871)

鐩庢牸椴?鎾掑厠閫婁汉锛堝叕鍏?46-871骞达級

1锛嶣asis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons.

鑻卞浗绉嶆棌鐨勫熀纭€锛氱泿鏍奸瞾-鎾掑厠閫婁汉

In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. They were three Teutonic tribes.

浜斾笘绾腑鍙讹紝鏈辩壒浜恒€佹拻鍏嬮€婁汉鍜岀泿鏍奸瞾浜轰笉鏂叆渚典笉鍒楅銆傝繖鏄笁鏀棩鑰虫浖锛堟潯椤匡級閮ㄨ惤銆?/span>

The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland, came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany, established their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.

灞呬綇鍦ㄦ湵鐗瑰叞宀涳紙鐜颁腹楹﹀崡閮級涓婁粠浜嬫墦娓斿啘鑰曠殑鏈辩壒浜哄厛鎶佃揪涓嶅垪棰犮€?49骞达紝涓€浣嶆湵鐗规棌闀挎垚涓轰簡鑲壒鐨勫浗鐜嬨€傚悗鏉ヤ粠寰峰浗鍖楅儴鏉ョ殑浣跨敤鐭墤鐨勬拻鍏嬮€婁汉鍦ㄥ焹鎾掑厠鏂€佽嫃濉炲厠鏂拰濞佸鍏嬫柉寤虹珛浜嗙帇鍥斤紝缁熸不鏈熶粠浜斾笘绾湯鑷冲叚涓栫邯鍒濄€傚叚涓栫邯鍚庡崐鍙讹紝鍚屾牱鏉ヨ嚜寰峰浗鍖楅儴鐨勭泿鏍奸瞾浜猴紝鍦ㄤ笢鐩庢牸鍒╀簹銆侀害瑗夸簹浠ュ強璇烘．浼埄鏉ュ畾灞咃紝鍚屾椂涔熶粬浠篃鎶婂悕瀛楃粰浜嗚嫳鍥戒汉銆傝繖涓冧釜涓昏鐜嬪浗锛堣偗鐗广€佸焹濉炲厠鏂€佽嫃濉炲厠鏂€佸▉濉炲厠鏂€佷笢鐩庢牸鍒╀簹銆侀害瑗夸簹鍜岃妫集鍒╀簹锛夛紝鍚堢О涓轰竷鐜嬪浗銆?/span>

2锛嶵he early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity.

鏃╂湡鐩庢牸椴?鎾掑厠閫婁汉鏀逛俊鍩虹潱鏁欍€?/span>

The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew's Monastery in Rome, to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. In 579 St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary activities of the monks in the north.

鐩庢牸椴?鎾掑厠閫婁汉鎶婃棩鑰虫浖瀹楁暀甯﹀埌浜嗚嫳鍥姐€傞櫎浜嗗悍鐡﹀皵銆佸▉灏斿＋銆佽嫃鏍煎叞鍜岀埍灏斿叞鐨勫嚡灏旂壒浜鸿繕淇″鍩虹潱鏁欏锛屽熀鐫ｆ暀寰堝揩灏辨秷澶变簡銆傚叕鍏?97骞达紝鏁欑殗鏍奸噷楂樹竴涓栨妸缃楅┈鍦ｅ畨寰烽瞾淇亾闄㈢殑鍓櫌闀垮湥濂ュ彜鏂竵娲鹃仯鍒拌嫳鏍煎叞锛屽叾浣垮懡鏄娇寮傛暀寰掔殑鑻卞浗浜虹殘渚濆熀鐫ｆ暀銆傚叕鍏?79骞村湥濂ュ彜涓佹垚涓哄潕鐗逛集闆峰ぇ涓绘暀銆傚湪浣垮浗鐜嬪拰璐垫棌鐨堜緷鍩虹潱鏁欐柟闈紝濂ュ彜鏂竵闈炲父鎴愬姛銆備絾鏄櫘閫氫汉鐨勭殘渚濆緢澶х▼搴︿笂褰掑姛浜庡寳閮ㄤ慨澹滑鐨勪紶鏁欐椿鍔ㄣ€?/span>

3锛嶵he Early Anglo-Saxons make the contributions to the English state.

鏃╂湡鐩庢牸椴?鎾掑厠閫婁汉涓鸿嫳鍥藉仛鍑虹殑璐＄尞銆?/span>

The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century. Thirdly, they also established the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witan锛坈ouncil or meeting of the wisemen锛塼o advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.

鐩庢牸椴?鎾掑厠閫婁汉涓鸿嫳鍥藉浗瀹剁殑褰㈡垚鎵撲笅浜嗗熀纭€銆傞鍏堬紝浠栦滑鎶婂浗瀹跺垝鍒嗕负閮★紝閮℃硶搴拰閮℃硶瀹樸€佹垨琛屾斂鍙告硶闀垮畼璐熻矗鎵ф硶銆傚叾娆★紝浠栦滑璁捐鐨勭獎鏉′笁鍦冪敯鍐滆€曞埗寤剁敤鑷?8涓栫邯銆傛澶栵紝浠栦滑杩樺缓绔嬩簡棰嗗湴鍒躲€傛渶鍚庯紝浠栦滑杩樺垱绔嬩簡璁細(璐や汉浼氳)锛屽悜鍥界帇鎻愪緵寤鸿锛岃繖灏辨垚涓轰簡浠婂ぉ浠嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏋㈠瘑闄㈢殑鍩虹銆?span style="display: none">