Heilongjiang is a frontier and immigrant province with many nationalities. More than 90% of the people are from Han nationality. Although the minorities take up less proportion, they are made up of many nationalities which mainly include 10 minor nationalities: Manchu, the Hui nationality, the Korean nationality, the Mongol nationality, the Daur nationality, the Oroqen nationality, the Ewenki nationality, the Khalkhas nationality, the Hezhen nationality and the Xibe nationality. The history and folk customs of these minorities are inherited by inhabited communities. And a great deal of mythology is passed on in Manchu, the Mongol nationality, the Oroqen nationality, the Ewenki nationality and the Daur nationality. Long heroic "talking and singing music" are spread over in the Hezhen nationality, the Oroqen nationality and the Daur nationality for a long time. For example, The epic "talking and singing music" of "Yimakan" in the Hezhen nationality, "Mosukun" in the Oroqen nationality, "Wuqin" in the Daur nationality is valuable cultural treasure of Heilongjiang Province.

In the recent and modern days, Heilongjiang has gradually formed frontier and national civilizations with both eastern and western characteristics. Since the beginning of the Qing dynasty, the banished people and the immigrant inside the Great Wall after the rescind of the prohibition of "Longxing land" bring Chinese splendid culture and all kinds of customs and conventions inside the Great Wall, which are combined with the aboriginal culture in Heilongjiang. At the beginning of 20th century, the ports in Heilongjiang, especially in Harbin, Heihe and Suifenhe have becomed the international center of trade and business. The cultures and traditions that many eastern and western countries, such as Russia, Japan, Germany, The Netherlands and France, reflect in architecture, religion, culture, education and health services have influenced and communicated with local culture in Heilongjiang, which becomes an important part of civilization in the watershed in Heilongjiang in recent and modern days.

Heilongjiang is abundant in intangible cultural heritage. Some of the heritage is reflected in literary and art works and many great works have been produced. Some of the heritage has been make use of by the tourism industry and created social and economical benefits. On March 27th, 2007, the government of Heilongjiang announced the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage which totally amounted to 57 items. 9 items of the heritage with the mark "★" are categorized as national intangible cultural heritage.